BACTERIAL VACCINES MARKET ANALYSIS

Global bacterial vaccines market size is estimated to be valued at US$ 23.77 Bn in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 40.74 Bn by 2030, by exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2023 to 2030. The market growth of the global bacterial vaccines market is being propelled by several key factors. The factors include the escalating incidence of bacterial infections, the implementation of government initiatives and an increasing awareness of the vital role vaccines play in preventing infectious diseases.

Global bacterial vaccines market is segmented based on various factors. This includes vaccine type, patient age group, route of administration, distribution channel and region. The types of vaccines available in the market include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and toxoid vaccines. Among these, live attenuated vaccines are favored due to their high efficacy and safety record. Inactivated vaccines, on the other hand, are widely utilized due to their ease of production and storage. Toxoid vaccines are specifically designed to provide protection against bacterial toxins, offering another valuable approach in combating bacterial infections.

 Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Regional Insights

• North America: North America is the largest market for bacterial vaccines, which accounted for a market share of over 30% in 2022. North America has a well-established healthcare system and a high level of awareness about the importance of vaccination. The region has witnessed significant investments in research and development (R&D), thus leading to the introduction of advanced bacterial vaccines. Government initiatives, such as immunization programs and public awareness campaigns, further contribute to the market growth. The presence of major pharmaceutical companies and academic research institutions also drives the development and commercialization of bacterial vaccines in this region.
• Europe: Europe is the second largest market for bacterial vaccines, which accounted for a market share of over 25.6% in 2022. Europe is a prominent market for bacterial vaccines which is characterized by a high level of healthcare infrastructure and robust vaccination programs. The region has a strong focus on disease prevention and control, thus leading to a high demand for bacterial vaccines. The European Union plays a key role in coordinating immunization programs and promoting research and development efforts. Favorable government policies and supportive reimbursement systems drives the market growth in Europe.
• Asia Pacific: Asia Pacific is the third largest market for bacterial vaccines is the fastest growing market for bacterial vaccines, with a CAGR of over 9.1% during the forecast period. The Asia Pacific region represents a significant growth opportunity for the bacterial vaccines market due to its large population and increasing healthcare expenditure. The region experiences a higher burden of bacterial infections, thus driving the demand for vaccines. Countries like China and India have implemented extensive immunization programs and are expanding their vaccine coverage to address public health challenges. Rising awareness about the benefits of vaccination, improving healthcare infrastructure, and increasing investments in research and development contributes to the market growth in this region.

Analyst View: Global bacterial vaccine market remains a promising segment due to the prevalence of bacterial diseases that continues to rise globally. Growing awareness about vaccination benefits and improving access to healthcare infrastructure are expected to drive further demand of the market. However, stringent regulations pertaining to vaccine development and high R&D costs which are needed to comply with these norms, pose challenges. North America dominates the market due to presence of major players and early adoption of advanced vaccines. However, Asia Pacific is likely to offer highest growth opportunities in near future with rising healthcare expenditures and increasing focus of players in order to tap into untapped potential in the region. Within Asia Pacific region, China and India are anticipated to be among the fastest growing markets. At the same time, pricing pressures stemming from value-based purchasing and intense competition are restraining revenue growth for vaccine manufacturers. Moreover, any uncertainty regarding vaccine safety could diminish public confidence and impact sale volumes. To counter restraints, companies are focusing on expanding portfolio through acquisitions and collaborations for developing combination and pediatric vaccines. On the product side, vaccines for streptococcus pneumonia infections and meningococcal disease remain top-selling but pipelines for travelers' diarrhea and hospital acquired infections appear to be promising. Overall, the bacterial vaccines market is at an inflection point with innovations and expanding prevention programs in emerging nations, thus offering potential for higher returns in the long-run.

Figure 1. Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Share (%), By Region, 2023

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Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Drivers:

• Rising prevalence of bacterial infections: The increasing incidence of bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis, tuberculosis, and pertussis (whooping cough), is a significant driver for the bacterial vaccines market. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing and controlling these infectious diseases, thus leading to a higher demand for bacterial vaccines. For instance, in December 2022, according to data provided by National Library of Medicine, in 2019, 7.7 million deaths around the world were found to be linked to bacterial infections. That equals 1 in 8 of all global deaths. Mortality rate was highest in sub-Saharan Africa, with 230 deaths per 100,000 population, and lowest in high-income countries at 52 deaths per 100,000 population.
• Growing awareness of vaccination: There has been a significant improvement in public awareness regarding the benefits of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases. Increased education and government initiatives have contributed to a higher demand for bacterial vaccines. Vaccination campaigns, both in developed and developing countries have played a pivotal role in driving the market growth of the bacterial vaccines.
• Technological advancements in vaccine development: The development of innovative technologies in vaccine research, such as recombinant Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology, conjugate vaccines, and subunit vaccines, has facilitated the production of safer and more effective bacterial vaccines. These advancements have led to the introduction of new vaccines and expanded the scope of the bacterial vaccines market.
• Government initiatives and immunization programs: Governments worldwide are implementing immunization programs to control and eradicate bacterial infections. These initiatives aim to reduce the burden of infectious diseases, thus improving the public health outcomes and promote the use of vaccines. Supportive government policies and funding have positively impacted the growth of the bacterial vaccines market.

 Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Opportunities:

• Growing demand in emerging economies: Emerging economies, particularly Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Africa, present significant opportunities for the bacterial vaccines market. The rising population, increasing healthcare expenditure, and improving healthcare infrastructure in these regions contribute to the growing demand for vaccines. Expanding vaccination programs and initiatives to control infectious diseases create a favorable market landscape in these emerging economies.
• Advancements in vaccine technologies: Ongoing advancements in vaccine technologies offer opportunities for the development of innovative bacterial vaccines. Novel approaches, such as Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based vaccines, vectored vaccines, and novel adjuvants, have the potential to enhance vaccine efficacy, safety, and immune response. The application of advanced technologies in bacterial vaccine research and development (R&D) can lead to the introduction of new and improved vaccines in the market.
• Expansion of vaccine coverage and target populations: There is a significant opportunity for expanding vaccine coverage to target populations beyond infants and children. Increasing focus on immunizing adolescents, adults, and the elderly against bacterial infections opens up new market segments. This expansion of target populations helps to address unmet needs and provides opportunities for the introduction of age-specific or population-specific bacterial vaccines.
• Rise in outbreak preparedness and response: Global outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the importance of preparedness and rapid response to outbreaks. Governments and healthcare organizations are investing in research and development efforts to develop and stockpile vaccines for specific bacterial pathogens. This focus on outbreak preparedness and response creates opportunities for the development and commercialization of rapid response bacterial vaccines.

 Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Trends:

• Shift towards conjugate vaccines: Conjugate vaccines, which combine with bacterial polysaccharides with carrier proteins, have gained significant traction in the bacterial vaccines market. These vaccines offer enhanced immune response, longer-lasting protection, and improved efficacy, especially against bacterial pathogens which cause diseases like meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. The development and adoption of conjugate vaccines are a notable trend in the market.
• Expansion of vaccine coverage: There is a growing emphasis on expanding vaccine coverage to protect individuals across different age groups. Traditionally, bacterial vaccines are primarily targeted for the infants and children. However, there is an increasing focus on immunizing adolescents, adults, and the elderly against bacterial infections. This expansion of vaccine coverage is driven by the recognition of the broader impact of bacterial diseases and the need for population-wide protection.
• Combination vaccines: Combination vaccines that provide protection against multiple bacterial pathogens or combine bacterial and viral vaccines are gaining popularity. These vaccines simplify the immunization process, improve patient compliance, and reduce the number of healthcare visits. Combination vaccines also help in reducing the overall healthcare costs that are associated with administering multiple vaccines separately. The market is witnessing the development of combination vaccines to address various bacterial diseases, leading to convenience and efficiency in vaccination.
• Personalized vaccination approaches: Personalized vaccination approaches, such as tailor-made vaccines or vaccines targeting specific populations or high-risk groups, are emerging as a trend in the globalbacterial vaccines market. These approaches consider factors like genetic variability, immune response patterns, and disease prevalence in specific populations. By tailoring vaccines to specific populations or individuals, healthcare providers can optimize vaccine efficacy and address unique challenges associated with bacterial infections.

 Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Restraints:

• Vaccine hesitancy and misinformation: Vaccine hesitancy, fueled by misinformation and misconceptions, poses a significant challenge to the bacterial vaccines market. Some individuals and communities may have concerns about the safety, efficacy, or necessity of vaccines, thus leading to lower vaccination rates. Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires effective communication strategies, public education campaigns, and building trust in the safety and efficacy of bacterial vaccines.
• Regulatory challenges: The regulatory process for vaccine approval and licensing can be complex and time-consuming. Stringent regulatory requirements, including safety and efficacy evaluations, clinical trials, and post-marketing surveillance, can pose challenges for vaccine manufacturers. Compliance with regulatory standards and obtaining necessary approvals can delay the availability of new bacterial vaccines in the market.
• High development costs: The development and production of bacterial vaccines involve substantial investments in research, clinical trials, manufacturing facilities, and quality control. High development costs can be a deterrent for vaccine manufacturers, particularly for diseases with limited market potential or when competing with established vaccines. The cost of developing new vaccines and the need for significant investment in infrastructure can impact the availability and affordability of bacterial vaccines.

Counterbalance: To counter restraints, the key market players need to focus on removal of vaccine hesitancy through proper communication of the same. Proper compliance with the regulatory standards needs to be met by the companies. Furthermore, the production and the development costs of the vaccines should be taken into consideration in reducing the costs of the vaccines.

Recent Developments

New product launches

• On April 13, 2023, The University of Oxford and Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd., a vaccine manufacturer, manufactured and scaled up R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, by leveraging Novavax’s adjuvant technology, that has been licensed for use in Ghana by the country’s Food and Drugs Authority.
• On December 2022, Biological E. Limited (BE), a pharmaceutical company, announced that its 14-valent paediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, (Investigational Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine PCV14) against S. pneumoniae infection received approval from the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) for manufacture and commercialization in India.
• In September 2022, Biological E. Limited (BE), a pharmaceutical company, announced that the Subject Expert Committee of CDSCO reviewed and approved the Phase 3 infants clinical trial data and recommended for manufacture of its 14-valent paediatric vaccine (investigational pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine PCV14) against S. pneumoniae infection in single-dose and multi-dose presentations. The PCV14 can be administered to infants at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age.
• In December 2020, Serum Institute of India, the largest vaccine manufacturer, launched India’s first indigenously developed pneumococcal vaccine – PNEUMOSIL which aimed at improving pneumococcal conjugate vaccine affordability and enabling sustainable access for low-and middle-income countries such as Africa.

 Acquisition and partnerships

• On October 6, 2023, Amgen Inc., a pharmaceutical company, announced that it has completed its acquisition of Horizon Therapeutics plc., a pharmaceutical company, to serve even more patients around the world suffering from serious illnesses
• On October 5, 2023, Emergex Vaccines Holding Limited, a clinical-stage biotechnology company has announced a collaboration agreement with Vaccine Industrial Company (VIC), a Saudi Arabia based pharmaceutical company for advancing Emergex’s novel T cell-priming immune set-point candidates against designated infectious diseases. Under the term of collaboration, Emergex Vaccines Holding Limited is subject to government support of Phase II/III clinical trials of Emergex’s T cell-priming candidates for dengue, coronavirus, influenza, yellow fever, including add-on products related to these indications
• On February 15, 2023, Bavarian Nordic A/S, a pharmaceutical company, announced that it entered into an agreement with Emergent BioSolutions Inc., a pharmaceutical company to acquire two marketed travel vaccines, Vivotif for the prevention of typhoid fever and Vaxchora against cholera as well as a Phase 3 vaccine candidate for the prevention of Chikungunya virus
• In August 2022, GSK plc., a pharmaceutical company announced acquisition of Affinivax, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company. Affinivax has pioneered the development of a novel class of vaccines, the most advanced of which are next-generation pneumococcal vaccines. It includes a next-generation 24-valent pneumococcal vaccine candidate (AFX3772), currently in phase II development, which is based on the highly innovative Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPSTM) platform technology. A 30-plus valent pneumococcal candidate vaccine is also in pre-clinical development.
• In April 2022, Pfizer Inc., a pharmaceutical company, announced acquisition of ReViral Ltd., a privately held, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing novel antiviral therapeutics that target respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Figure 2. Global Bacterial Vaccines Market Share (%), By Distribution Channel, 2023

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Top Companies in Global Bacterial Vaccines Market

• GSK plc.
• Pfizer Inc.
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Sanofi
• Johnson & Johnson Service, Inc.
• Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.
• Bharat Biotech
• Biological E. Limited
• Astellas Pharma Inc.
• Seqirus (CSL Limited)
• AstraZeneca
• Novavax, Inc.
• Bavarian Nordic
• Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
• Valneva SE
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
• Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc.
• Moderna, Inc.
• Clover Biopharmaceuticals

Definition: Bacterial vaccines are immunological preparations which are designed to stimulate the body's immune response against specific bacterial pathogens. These vaccines contain components or antigens derived from bacteria that can elicit an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and memory cells. By priming the immune system, bacterial vaccines helps to prevent or reduce the severity of bacterial infections, thereby protecting individuals from diseases caused by bacteria such as pneumococcal infections, meningococcal infections, pertussis, and more.