Macular edema is the condition characterized by abnormal leakage and accumulation of fluid that forms blister in the layer of macula. The macula is an oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of retina. This blister causes the macula to swell and thicken that causes distortion of vision. Although macular edema has numerous causes, the most common cause is diabetes. Other causes include, age-related macular degeneration, replacement of lenses in treatment of cataract, chronic uveitis and intermediate uveitis, blockage of vein in the retina, and congenital diseases including retinitis pigmentosa and retinoschisis. Symptoms of macular edema include blurry or wavy vision near or in the center of field of vision. The disease is diagnosed by performing tests such as visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, fluorescein angiogram, optical coherence tomography, and Amsler grid.
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