FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VACCINE MARKET ANALYSIS

Foot And Mouth Disease Vaccine Market Size and Trends

Global foot and mouth disease vaccine market is estimated to be valued at USD 2.90 Bn in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 5.12 Bn by 2031, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5 % from 2024 to 2031.

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Huge presence of livestock and increasing demand for animal-derived food products can drive the market growth. The  supportive government initiatives to curb outbreaks of this highly contagious disease can also drive the market growth. Key market players are investing in research & development activities for developing effective foot and mouth vaccines. However, high costs associated with vaccine production and storage can hamper the market growth. The mitigation of huge economic losses due to FMD outbreaks can boost demand for foot and mouth disease vaccines.

Rise in cattle population

Global cattle population has been steadily increasing over the past few decades to meet rising demand for dairy and meat products. As cattle are highly susceptible to foot and mouth disease, growing number of cattle can raise  the risk of FMD outbreaks. Developing regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America that are witnessing a surge in livestock farming activities have emerged as major markets for FMD vaccines. Moreover, the commercialization of cattle rearing practices has led to clustering of cattle in large farms, which amplifies the spread of the disease. Controlling FMD epidemics through mass vaccination programs has become a priority for governments to minimize disruption in cattle trade and international movement of animals. This growing at-risk cattle population base leads to increased off-take and demand for effective FMD vaccines. In nations with substantial livestock populations like China and Mexico, the risk of infection is heightened. In September 2021, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Report, India's national cattle herd was 306.7 million animals in 2022, marking an increase of 1.2 million head from Italy's 2021 cattle count.

Market Concentration and Competitive Landscape

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Heightened threat from new virus strains

Foot and mouth disease virus has a high mutation rate which allows new variants to evolve constantly. Emergence of novel strains that the existing vaccines may not offer protection against can pose a serious challenge. In recent years, unusual outbreaks caused by atypical FMD virus strains have been reported from parts of Asia, Africa and South America. For example, a virus type O pandemic strain affected huge cattle herds in countries like South Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan in 2010-2011 despite vaccination. Similarly, an unusual topotype of type A virus caused repeated epidemics in Middle East and North Africa since 2009  even in vaccinated cattle. Containing such rapidly evolving strains with cross-border spread capabilities requires continuous vaccine development and shortening of response times. This evolving epidemiological pattern boosts the need for enhanced surveillance of FMD viruses to design vaccines matching the circulating field strains more precisely.

Key Takeaways from Analyst:

Global foot and mouth disease vaccine market growth is driven by increasing outbreaks of FMD virus across various regions. Livestock farming plays an important role in many developing economies and FMD poses a major threat to this industry. Maintaining an effective vaccination program is critical to prevent economic losses stemming from outbreaks. Several countries in Asia Pacific and Latin America that have large cattle populations are expected to significantly boost demand. Vaccine manufacturers are also investing in R&D to develop more effective vaccines with single dose regimen and thermostability at higher temperatures suited for tropical conditions. However, factors such as high costs associated with large scale vaccination programs can hamper the market growth. Poorly implemented vaccination strategies and lack of necessary infrastructure in many developing and underdeveloped regions can hamper the market growth. Furthermore, alternatives such as movement control strategies during outbreaks reduce dependence on repeat vaccination. The dominance of a few major players also limits opportunities for local manufacturers.

Market Challenges: High costs associated with vaccine production

High costs associated with vaccine production can hamper the global foot and mouth disease vaccine market growth. Producing FMD vaccines involves a complex and costly process. FMD viruses have multiple serotypes and each serotype requires its own dedicated vaccine. Manufacturers must conduct extensive research and testing to develop vaccines for each new emerging strain. They also need to continuously monitor the circulating strains and update the vaccines as needed. The manufacturing process itself is also risky and expensive. FMD viruses can only be cultivated in live animals under high biosecurity conditions. Vaccine production involves handling the live viruses and isolating them from infected tissues. Ensuring biosecurity and safety during every step increases production costs tremendously. Additional costs are incurred in stability testing, validation, sterilization and meeting stringent global quality standards. With seven distinct serotypes of FMD viruses known to exist worldwide, continuous vaccine development and strain surveillance further increase costs.

Market Opportunities: Development of thermostable vaccines

The development of thermostable vaccines provides a unique opportunity for  global foot and mouth disease vaccine market growth. Currently, cold chain storage and distribution requirements limit the efficacy and practicality of existing FMD vaccines in many parts of the world, especially developing regions where the disease remains prevalent. Thermostable vaccines that do not require consistent refrigeration would eliminate these cold chain constraints and allow for more widespread FMD control programs globally. With the ability to effectively and reliably transport and administer vaccines at higher ambient temperatures, thermostable FMD vaccines could enable vaccination campaigns in remote and rural agricultural communities that currently have little to no access to cold storage facilities. This would help reduce the risks of FMD outbreaks in newly immunized populations and aid efforts for disease eradication. Transporting and stockpiling thermostable vaccines would also be significantly less complex and costly compared to conventional cold-chain dependent vaccines. The cost savings from simplified logistics could be reallocated to increasing vaccine coverage in developing nations.

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By Vaccine Type: Conventional vaccine lead due to strong efficacy against multiple variants

Among vaccine type,  conventional vaccine segment is estimated to contribute the highest market share of 40.20 % in 2024 due to its ability to provide broad protection against multiple virus variants. Conventional vaccines contain inactivated whole virus particles which elicit strong antibody responses against various antigenic sites on the virus. This allows the vaccines to be effective against different serotypes and strains that may emerge in a region over time. Outbreaks can involve several strains simultaneously, and conventional vaccines offer cross-protection that helps control such mixed infections better than other alternatives. The multivalent nature of conventional vaccines provides them versatility that appeals to farmers and veterinary bodies. Only one or two doses are needed to protect cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the major variants circulating in a particular country or continent. This simplifies vaccination programs as compared to needing multiple specific vaccines. Storage and logistics are also easier as fewer products must be kept in stock. Overall, conventional vaccines provide the best value for mass vaccination campaigns aimed at population-level disease prevention. 

By Animal Type: Cattle dominate due to high susceptibility and economic impacts

Among animal type, cattle segment is estimated to hold the highest market share of 50.1 % in 2024.  Cattle are highly susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and experience severe symptoms such as blisters inside the mouth and on the feet. Even subclinical infections in cows can cause drops in milk yield by as much as 30-40%. Moreover, outbreaks in cattle herds have devastating economic consequences for farmers. Loss of productivity from infected cattle can damage livelihoods. Slaughter restrictions during outbreaks also disrupt beef export and processing. The costs of control measures, culling infected animals, and trade embargoes amount to billions each year according to industry figures. W Countries prioritize vaccinating this species as the main defense against FMDV spread. Breeding herds are usually vaccinated regularly to maintain population immunity levels. Young stock is vaccinated before being exposed to potential infection at crowded livestock markets and prior to exporting. The large cattle populations make mass vaccination programs logistically challenging but critical for early disease detection and rapid response. Suitable vaccines must be available in adequate doses to vaccinate millions of heads of cattle annually in at-risk regions.

Regional Insights

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North America remains the dominant region in the global foot and mouth disease vaccine market with estimated market share of 38.2 % in 2024. The U.S. accounts for the majority of the market share due to strong presence of leading vaccine manufacturers in the country. Strong support from the government agencies for livestock healthcare and favorable regulations have boosted vaccine adoption among farmers. Furthermore, the high-quality certifications for vaccines by regulatory bodies ensures consumer safety and confidence.  The North American Free Trade Agreement has also enhanced exports of American vaccines to Mexico and Canada over the years.

Asia Pacific has emerged as the fastest growing regional market for foot and mouth disease vaccine globally. Rapid expansion of the dairy and meat industries together with rising livestock counts in major countries like India and China are driving increased prevention through vaccination. To protect their massive cattle population and meet the burgeoning demand for milk and meat, the APAC governments are focused on extensive vaccination programs. This has lured multinational corporations to establish production facilities and collaborate with local players. Counties like India often have price control mechanisms in place to ensure affordability of vaccines for small farmers. This has made vaccines highly accessible and supported strong revenue growth of regional and global participants.

Market Report Scope

Foot And Mouth Disease Vaccine Industry News

• On June 11, 2024, more than 1.95 lakh cattle in Kanniyakumari and Tenkasi districts will receive foot and mouth disease vaccinations Over the next three weeks. The disease, transmitted through close contact in sheds, causes fever and blisters in affected animals. Vaccinating 60,000 bulls, cows, and buffaloes aims to prevent fatalities and safeguard milk productivity, benefiting farmers.
• In March 2022, a Tunisian virology lab confirmed the strain of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cows through genetic sequencing facilitated by the FAO and IAEA. The Joint FAO/IAEA Centre's free sequencing service, launched in 2018, has processed over 5,300 samples from 24 countries, detecting various pathogens including African swine fever, avian influenza, and coronavirus.
• In August 2022 the National Animal Disease Control Programme on foot and mouth disease (NADCP) was initiated by the Nagaland government in India.
• In June 2022 the prevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle increased to over 151,000, prompting the Indonesian government to initiate a livestock immunization campaign.

*Definition: The global foot and mouth disease vaccine market consists of the development, production and sale of vaccines that are used for immunizing cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs and sheep against foot and mouth disease. The vaccines help prevent outbreaks of this highly contagious viral disease among livestock and support the international trade of animals and animal products. Key players in this market offer different vaccine types like conventional and emergency vaccines to different regions globally.

Market Segmentation

•  Vaccine Type Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2019 - 2031)
  • Conventional Vaccine
  • Aluminum Hydroxide based vaccine
  • Oil based vaccines
  • Emergency Vaccines
•  Animal Type Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2019 - 2031)
  • Cattle
  • Sheep and Goat
  • Swine
  • Others
• Regional Insights (Revenue, USD Bn, 2019 - 2031)
  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
  • Latin America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Mexico
    • Rest of Latin America
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • U.K.
    • Spain
    • France
    • Italy
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
    • ASEAN
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • Middle East
    • GCC Countries
    • Israel
    • Rest of Middle East
  • Africa
    • South Africa
    • North Africa
    • Central Africa
• Key Players Insights
  • Bayer AG
  • Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
  • Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD Animal Health)
  • Indian Immunologicals Ltd.
  • Limber Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
  • Brilliant Bio Pharma Private Limited
  • Inova Biotechnologia Saúde Animal Ltda.
  • Biovet Vaxxinova
  • Veterquímica S.A.
  • MEVAC
  • Agrovet
  • Biogénesis Bagó
  • FGBI - Federal Centre for Animal Health
  • Vecol S.A.
  • Laboratorios Agrovet S.A.
  • Centro Diagnóstico Veterinario
  • Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
  • VETAL Animal Health Veterinary Pha