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Advances in Genomics and Precision Oncology
The field of oncology is undergoing a revolution due to advances in genomics and precision medicine approaches. Next generation sequencing technologies enable comprehensive molecular profiling of tumor DNA and RNA to identify genetic alterations and mutations associated with specific cancer types. This provides deeper insights into tumor biology and elucidate the role of defective DNA repair mechanisms in cancer development. Large scale cancer genome profiling efforts have uncovered a large number of genetic mutations affecting DNA repair genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and others across many different cancer types. By uncovering the specific DNA repair defects present in a patient’s tumor, precision oncology aims to match targeted therapies to these defects. Several DNA repair inhibitors are already being tested in clinical trials, particularly for cancers with homogeneous DNA repair defects like BRCA mutations in breast and ovarian cancer. As genomic profiling becomes more widespread, there will be increase in number of patients identified with DNA repair pathway alterations who may benefit from these therapies. Pharmaceutical companies are tremendously encouraged by the initial promising results with DNA repair drugs in trials.
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