Pulmonary surfactant is a complex and highly surface active material composed of lipids and proteins which is found in the fluid lining the alveolar surface of the lungs. Surfactant plays a vital role in pulmonary physiology. It’s major biophysical functions is to prevent alveolar collapse at low lung volume and to preserve bronchiolar patency during normal and forced respiration, and it’s major non biophysical, immunological, functions is protection of the lungs from injuries and infections caused by inhaled particles and micro-organisms. Pulmonary surfactant is heterogeneous with respect to biochemical composition, morphological organization and specific biophysical functions. Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse at low lung volume, and preserves
bronchiolar patency during normal and forced respiration (biophysical functions). In addition, it is involved in the protection of the lungs from injuries and infections caused by inhaled particles and micro-organisms (immunological, non-biophysical functions). Pulmonary surfactant can only be harvested by lavage procedures, which may disrupt its pre-existing biophysical and biochemical micro-organization. These limitations must always be considered when interpreting ex vivo studies of pulmonary surfactant.
Market Dynamics
Increasing rate of prevalence of several respiratory infection and respiratory is expected to drive the global pulmonary surfactant market over the forecast period. For instance, on May 20, 2022, 90% of COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) deaths were reported globally, in those under 70 years of age occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) such as India, Korea and Bangladesh. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 2019.
Increasing drug approvals for novel therapeutic agents are some of the key factors driving the global pulmonary surfactant market growth. For instance, in July 2020, Boehringer Ingelheim, a pharmaceutical company, announced that the European Commission (EC) approved an additional indication for nintedanib in adults for the treatment of other chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with a progressive phenotype beyond idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The approval comes after the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion in May 2020. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Health Canada and the Japan based pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) approved nintedanib as the treatment for the same patient population. The approval is based on the results of INBUILD, which was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III trial, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype.
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