Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) are a form of pharmacological anticoagulant intervention which are derived from unfractionated heparin (UFH) by chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation to yield fragments that are around one third the size of heparin. Low molecular weight heparin is used for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, or thrombosis occurring in a broad spectrum of clinical indications, including general or orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, trauma, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction. LMWHs are however, associated with higher anticoagulant effect and provides higher bioavailability after subcutaneous administration, as compared to unfractionated heparin UFH, for thromboembolic indications. Low molecular weight heparin is the most suitable anticoagulant in case of complicated pregnancy, as it eliminates risk of crossing the placental membrane. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), for example, dalteparin, enoxaparin, among others, are anticoagulants. Low molecular weight heparins administration is via subcutaneous injection; this has long-term implications on the choice of anticoagulant for prophylaxis, for example, in orthopedic patients recovering from joint replacement surgery or in the treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (DVT/PE). Patients often dislike injections, especially self-administered ones, complaining of pain or bleeding with injection, and prefer an oral alternative.
Market Dynamics
Increasing number of people are being affected with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) which will subsequently increase demand for Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH). For instance, according to National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Furthermore, in July 2021, according to Centers for disease control and prevention, the precise number of people affected by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) is unknown, although as many as 900,000 people could be affected each year in the United States. Estimates suggest that 60,000-100,000 American citizens in 2019 die of DVT/PE (also called venous thromboembolism, or VTE). A case study published in April 2017 in the Canadian Medical Association Journal noted that the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes both DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE), increases 20-fold in male-to-female people using hormone treatment, especially estrogen. A meta-analysis published in 2019 in the Journal of Blood Medicine reviewed 13 studies that looked at the effects of hormone therapy, including which types of estrogen are used, on transgender men and women. It found that even though the risk of VTE increased with certain formulations of hormone therapy, the absolute clinical risk is low.
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