Liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a bunker fuel refers to the use of LNG to power ships. LNG is a natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for ease and safety in non-pressurized storage or transport. As a bunker fuel, LNG offers various benefits compared to conventional bunker fuels such as heavy fuel oil. It is a cleaner alternative as it emits less sulfur and particulate emissions, which improves local air quality in port cities. LNG produces less carbon emissions compared to heavy fuel oil and meets the stringent climate targets adopted. From an economic standpoint, the price of LNG is competitive and more stable over the long term compared to oil-linked bunker fuels. With the growing availability of infrastructure for LNG bunkering worldwide, the maritime industry is progressively adopting LNG as a fuel.
Market Dynamics:
The global LNG as a bunker fuel market is driven by the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) regulations to reduce maritime sulfur emissions and tighten restrictions on particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships. The IMO 2020 mandate, which came into effect in January 2020, has accelerated the demand for cleaner marine fuels, including LNG. The availability of LNG bunkering infrastructure in key ports and regions also provides opportunities for wider adoption of LNG as a ship fuel. However, the high capital costs associated with retrofitting ships to use LNG and establishing networks for LNG bunkering remain a key challenge restricting large scale adoption. Geopolitical risks associated with heavy reliance on certain regions for LNG supply are another restraint. Nevertheless, the growing environmental awareness and sustainability targets of shipping companies are expected to drive future opportunities for LNG bunkering.
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Detailed Segmentation:
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